Friday, January 17, 2025

How Seaweed Farming Could Help India Fight Climate Change

(Representational image courtesy Flickr)

As the world confronts the ongoing climate crisis, solutions can often emerge from the most unexpected sources. One such powerhouse of hope is seaweed — a humble marine plant that is making waves as a sustainable ally in the fight against global warming. 

For a country like India, with its vast shoreline and communities heavily reliant on marine ecosystems, seaweed offers a unique opportunity to mitigate climate challenges while driving socio-economic growth.  

What is seaweed?  

Seaweed refers to a group of marine algae found in oceans and seas, thriving in both warm and cold waters. With over 800 varieties found in India alone, including species like Gracilaria, Kappaphycus, and Ulva, these underwater plants are not just abundant but also incredibly versatile. 

India has around 800 varieties of seaweed.
India has around 800 varieties of seaweed. (Representational image courtesy Freerange Stock)

From culinary uses to biofuels and pharmaceuticals, seaweed’s potential is vast, but its role as a climate solution is what makes it particularly significant today.  

Seaweed and climate change: A dynamic duo  

Seaweed is often referred to as a ‘blue carbon’ resource, a term used for ecosystems that store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Unlike terrestrial plants, seaweed absorbs carbon at a much faster rate — up to 35 times more efficiently than tropical rainforests. 

This ability to sequester carbon makes it a valuable tool in reducing atmospheric CO2 levels. Additionally, seaweed farms require no fresh water, fertilisers, or pesticides, making them a sustainable choice for scaling up production without depleting precious resources.  

Seaweed can absorb carbon 35 times more efficiently than rainforests.
Seaweed can absorb carbon 35 times more efficiently than rainforests. (Representational image courtesy Flickr)

India’s coastline presents an immense opportunity to harness this potential. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), large-scale seaweed cultivation in Indian waters could not only offset carbon emissions but also restore marine biodiversity by creating habitats for marine life. 

Furthermore, seaweed farms act as natural shields, protecting coastlines from erosion and mitigating the impacts of rising sea levels — a pressing issue for India’s coastal communities.  

A win-win for people and the planet  

Beyond its environmental benefits, seaweed farming has socio-economic potential. It provides alternative livelihoods to coastal populations, particularly women while contributing to food security through its nutrient-rich profile. Indian startups and government initiatives are already recognising this potential, with efforts to promote seaweed farming across Tamil Nadu and Gujarat.  

Seaweed’s simplicity belies its power as a natural climate warrior. By investing in its cultivation, India can take a giant stride towards a sustainable future, proving that, sometimes, the smallest solutions can lead to the biggest transformations.  

Edited by Arunava Banerjee

Sources:
With the Right Tools, Seaweed Can Be an Important Piece of the Climate Puzzle: by The Nature Conservancy, Published on 12 March 2024
Diverse Roles of Seaweed in the Blue Carbon Economy and Sustainable Development: A Comprehensive Review: by Bon View Press, Published on 12 December 2023
Seagrass—secret weapon in the fight against global heating: by UN Environment Programme, Published on 1 November 2019
Seaweed is the latest superfood spicing up Indian fine dining, in dishes from soups and salads to jhaal muri and cocktails: by The Hindu, Published on 2 March 2023

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